Indications

Supplementing 3 Multi SAP capsules daily provides therapeutic doses of a variety of supplemental nutrients from a single product in order to prevent vitamin or mineral deficiencies, as well as to achieve higher intakes of nutrients believed to be of benefit beyond typical dietary levels.

Ingredients

Three non-GMO vegetable capsules contain:
Vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) ... 30 IU
Vitamin C (calcium ascorbate) ... 200 mg
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ... 400 IU
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)... 100 mg
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)... 75 mg
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin 5-phosphate) ... 25 mg
Vitamin B3 (inositol hexanicotinate) ... 50 mg
Vitamin B5 (calcium pantothenate) ... 100 mg
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5-phosphate) ... 20 mg
Folic acid... 1 mg
Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) ... 1000 mcg
Biotin... 150 mcg
Inositol... 100 mg
Chromium picolinate... 100 mcg
Molybdenum citrate... 150 mcg
Calcium citrate... 125 mg
Magnesium citrate... 100 mg
Potassium citrate... 50 mg
Zinc picolinate... 15 mg
Manganese citrate... 1.5 mg
Copper gluconate... 1.5 mg
Iodine potassium iodide ... 1.5 mg
Selenium methionine ... 100 mcg

Contains no: yeast, soy, wheat, gluten, milk, corn, sugar or starch.

Description

Research indicates that several of the nutrients found in a multi vitamin supplement play important roles in preventing chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. A vitamin is an organic substance or chemical found in food that is absolutely necessary for life. We now know that although vitamins each have individual roles in the body, they also work together as a team to maintain normal physiological function. A daily multi vitamin/micronutrient supplement ensures adequate intake of several nutrients that might be lacking in processed, cooked, denatured or over-farmed foods in today's diet.

FEATURES
• Vegetable capsules ensure 100% disintegration so vitamins enter the intestine where tablets may not.
• Non inclusion of the nutrients beta-carotene, vitamin A and iron: providing health practitioners the flexibility to supplement these micronutrients separately, as needed.

PURITY, CLEANLINESS and STABILITY Third party testing on finished product to ensure Multi SAP is free of heavy metals, pesticides and other impurities. Multivitamins are a broad-spectrum micronutrient source that help to ensure daily adequacy in nutrient intake. The typical North American diet may not provide adequacy for all micronutrients considering the high intake of processed foods and the limited time people may have to make better food choices for an adequate, balanced diet. Digestive disorders and issues of absorption may further compound inadequate micronutrient intake. Our bodies require vitamins and minerals to carry out reactions for basic functions. Multivitamins help to cover this gap to supply micronutrients that a diet may lack, thereby helping to avoid nutrient deficiencies, and maintain optimal physiological and metabolic functions. Vitamin and mineral supplementation has been shown to favourably affect angiogenesis, immunity, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis.(1) They play a role in prevention of chronic diseases seen with aging such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus(2, 3) and osteoporosis. At any stage in life, supplementing a multivitamin is prudent to ensure adequate nutrient intake.

MINERALS Zinc is essential to human metabolism and catalyzes more than 100 enzymes; it facilitates protein folding and regulates gene expression. Zinc is also involved in healthy immune function, wound healing, and is highly involved in the reproductive system. Among its many uses, zinc supplementation been shown to be beneficial to increased sperm motility, increasing levels of T lymphocytes, which fight infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, and has shown to decrease epithelial inflammation. Iodine deficiency can have an effect on thyroid and metabolic function, and cystic formations in the body including fibrocystic breasts and polycystic ovarian syndrome.(4) Iodine deficiency has also been a leading contributor in childhood developmental delays.(5) Calcium and magnesium are critical for musculoskeletal development, and influence nerve signalling. The intake of processed and low-nutrient foods are a major contributor to osteoporosis. Calcium supplementation has been shown to positively benefit bone mineral density.(6) Magnesium is a cofactor for many enzymatic reactions and may decrease inflammation and pain via analgesic action. It has been shown to help relax muscles and relieve cramps.(7) Magnesium and chromium play a role in blood glucose metabolism, transport and insulin sensitivity. Supplementation of these minerals may greatly decrease the risk of diabetes. Potassium homeostasis is critical for the cardiovascular system, and deficiency can be quite common as it is depleted by excessive sodium intake from food, and medications. Studies have implicated the importance of potassium imbalance in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.(8)

ANTIOXIDANTS, BIOFLAVONOIDS, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E Antioxidants, working in a complex synergistic system, play a major role in humans to quench free radicals and reactive oxygen species, the metabolic paradox of using oxygen as an energy source. The function of the antioxidant system is to prevent damage by free radicals to DNA, protein and lipid structures—the integral bases of cell physiology. Antioxidants, a family to which vitamin C, E as well as selenium and the bioflavonoids belong, act as inhibitors at stages of initiation and promotion of tumour growth and proliferation and mitigate neoplastic processes.(9, 10) Selenium is a mineral that is a potent antioxidant that has effects on both the immune and endocrine system. Most epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between selenium intake and cancer risk.(10) It has been shown to have an influence on eicosanoid metabolism and modulation of adhesion molecule and cytokine expression.(11) Selenium influences hormonal regulation of metabolism by converting T4 (thyroxine) into T3 (triiodothyronine), and is suggested to have insulin-mimetic properties.(12)

B VITAMINS AND FOLATE B vitamins are required by the human body for metabolic processes, most notably involved in enzymatic processes required for energy production, while maintaining healthy skin and muscle tone. As the body's physical demands increase, more B vitamins are mobilized to support the required output of energy.(13) They also play a role in the development and maintenance of healthy immune and nervous systems, promote cell growth, and cell division, and are required for healthy blood cell development. In addition to the immediate benefits that can be seen with B vitamin supplementation, adequate status plays a role in long-term health. Along with vitamin B12, folic acid plays a role in nucleic acid synthesis and onecarbon metabolism. B6, folate and B12 help to lower levels of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been correlated with chronic diseases associated with age such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease,(14) difficulty conceiving, miscarrages(15) and hip fractures.(16) Numerous studies have documented associations between suboptimal vitamin B6 status and inflammatory responses.(15)

VITAMIN D Vitamin D is important for the development of bones, and an inadequacy may contribute to the development of Rickets; a disease once thought to be eradicated. Rickets is once again on the rise due to the use of sunscreens and limited sun exposure for fear of ultraviolet overexposure. Limited exposure to ultraviolet rays inhibits the body's ability to synthesize its own vitamin D. The roles of vitamin D include the maintenance of mineral serum levels (i.e. calcium and phosphorus) to support metabolic function, neuromuscular transmission, regulate bone metabolism and enhance immunity. Many studies have shown the correlation between vitamin D supplementation and decreased risk of cancer.(17) Studies have also found vitamin D deficiency to be a contributor to cardiovascular disease.(18) It is suggested to have cardiovascular effects as vitamin D receptors are distributed in vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes.

Quantity

180 vegetable capsules per bottle

Dose

Take 3 capsules daily with food, or as directed by your health care practitioner.

Potential side effects/Safety

Despite the prevalence of anemia, iron overload can be quite common. Low
hemoglobin levels do not necessarily indicate that iron levels in the body
are low, without ascertaining levels of iron deposition in tissues or organs.
Excessive amounts of iron have been linked to increased oxidative stress and
inflammation,(19) and have been shown to be linked to neurodegenerative
disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimers's disesase.(20) For these reasons, iron
is omitted from NFH's Multi SAP formulation.
Vitamin A is not included in this formulation due to its ability to antagonize the
metabolism of vitamin D. Any deficiency of vitamin D may be further exacerbated
by higher intakes of vitamin A.

References

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II, and Eric B. Bass. “The Efficacy and Safety of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Use To Prevent
Cancer and Chronic Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health State-ofthe-
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2. Maryam Sadat Farvida, Fereydoun Siassia, Mahmoud Jalalia, Mostafa Hosseinib, Navid Saadatc.
“The impact of vitamin and/or mineral supplementation on lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes”. Diabetes.
Volume 65. Issue 1. pp. 21-28. July 2004.
3. Maryam Sadat Farvid, Mahmoud Jalali, Fereydoun Siassi, Navid Saadat, and Mostafa Hosseini. “The
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4. Guy E Abraham. “Iodine: The Universal Nutrient”. Vitamin Research News. October 2005. Vol 19 (9). pp. 11-16.
5. Pere Berbel, MarÍa JesÚs ObregÓn, Juan Bernal, Francisco Escobar del Rey and Gabriella Morreale de
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6. Tania Winzenberg, Kelly Shaw, Jayne Fryer, Graeme Jones. “Effects of calcium supplementation on
bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials”. BMJ 2006; 333 : 775.
7. P. Goyal, R. Jaiswal, S. Hooda, R. Goyal & J. Lal. “Role Of Magnesium Sulphate For Brachial Plexus
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8. Macdonald JE, Struthers AD. “What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients?”
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14. L.M.L. de Lau, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, and M. M.B. Breteler. “Dietary folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin
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15. Alayne G. Ronnenberg, Scott A. Venners, Xiping Xu, Changzhong Chen, Lihua Wang, Wenwei Guang,
Aiqun Huang and Xiaobin Wang. “Preconception B-Vitamin and Homocysteine Status, Conception, and
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16. Robert R. McLean, Paul F. Jacques, Jacob Selhub, Lisa Fredman, Katherine L. Tucker, Elizabeth
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Harold Newmark, ScD, Sharif B. Mohr, MPH and Michael F. Holick, MD, PhD . “The Role of Vitamin D
in Cancer Prevention”. American Journal of Public Health. February 2006, Vol 96, No. 2. pp252-261.
18. Thomas J. Wang, Michael J. Pencina, Sarah L. Booth, Paul F. Jacques, Erik Ingelsson, Katherine
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